,Single and Five layer PEX-AL-PEX pipe,tube production line ,machinery , machine
Introduction
Objective
This Design Guide provides the information and resources necessary to design and install cross-linked
polyethylene (PEX) water supply systems in residential buildings. It includes comprehensive design concepts
and installation guidelines to increase the acceptance and proper use of PEX .
This document is targeted to meet the needs of home builders, designers, and trade contractors.
Its purpose is to introduce potential users to PEX and to enable current users to optimize their PEX plumbing
and minimize system costs. In addition, it will allow code inspectors and homeowners to become familiar
with the applications, performance characteristics, and benefits of PEX water supply systems.
Background
Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) is a high-temperature, flexible, polymer pipe. Cross-linking technology was
first developed in Europe and has since come into use around the world for a variety of applications.
PEX has a 30-year history of successful use in the European market with extensive testing for durability and
material performance. It was first introduced in North America in 1984 where it has been primarily used for
radiant floor heating, and more recently, for domestic water distribution systems. It is approved for potable hot
and cold water supply systems as well as hydronic heating systems in all model plumbing and mechanical
codes across the United States and Canada. The comparison of PEX to polybutylene piping (PB) appears
to be a major obstacle to mainstream acceptance by some code officials, trade contractors, and homeowners.
But not all plastics are the same, just as not all metals are the same. Polymer fittings for PEX pipe are far
more robust and reliable than those used for PB. A result of modern polymer technology, PEX piping performs
in ways that provide superior reliability, durability, and safety. Also, current testing requirements for PEX
are much more stringent than when PB piping was accepted and installed in housing. The PEX piping industry
is highly regulated. Standards, specifications, and code requirements define tight material and production
quality controls. Continuous-use temperature ratings as high as 200ºF (93ºC) are required as well as
standardized chlorine resistance testing to ensure that the piping will withstand the most aggressive drinking
water conditions.Nationally accredited, third-party certification agencies require strenuous quality control
testing, including random plant inspections and annual monitoring testing. There are numerous opportunities for more widespread use of PEX pipe in the U.S. residential market. The development of manifolds and parallel plumbing systems for flexible piping has helped to advance its use.
All major residential building codes permit the use of PEX piping, but obstacles to its acceptance still remain.
There is anecdotal and research information that shows :
• Some plumbers are reluctant to use PEX piping due to a lack of experience with installation methods and
design requirements .
• Some jurisdictions prohibit the use of PEX piping for water supply plumbing even though PEX pipe is approved
for use in all model codes
• Codes were originally written for rigid trunk and branch systems; while they have now been amended to
include PEX piping systems, they do not provide many system design details
• There is a perception among some that PEX piping systems are inferior as a building product, generally based
on knowledge of past failures of PB piping systems.
Although these hurdles exist, the following are among the many benefits of PEX piping systems.
• Ease of Installation – PEX pipe uses mechanical connections eliminating the need for solders, flames, and
chemicals. Its flexible nature allows it to bend around obstructions. Use of manifolds can speed installation
and improve performance.
• Corrosion Resistance – PEX piping will not pit or stress corrode.
• Scaling Resistance – PEX pipe’s smooth interior walls and chemical properties make it
resistant to mineral build-up.
• Cost Effectiveness – PEX plumbing systems are less labor intensive and can optimize system performance.
• Availability of Pipe Sizes – PEX piping is available in a wide range of diameters.
• Energy Efficiency – PEX piping minimizes heat transmission through the pipe wall.
• Resistance to Freeze Damage – Under most circumstances, water in the pipe can be frozen and thawed
without damaging the pipe.
• Water Conservation – Well designed PEX plumbing systems can reduce the wait time for hot water to
reach the fixture.
• Environmentally Sound – PEX is an inert material and does not contain volatile organic Compounds.
• Certification – PEX pipes and fittings must meet strict performance requirements.
Although general research on hot water systems has been performed on various aspects of plumbing systems,
a recent literature search by the NAHB Research Center indicated that specific system design information
for flexible water supply plumbing is sparse. Documents relied more on “standard practice” than on
engineered or designed systems. Using these approaches often leads to system designs that either supply
more water than is needed at the fixture, or do not take advantage of the characteristics of a flexible
plumbing system to reduce cost and improve performance.
This Design Guide provides the information and resources necessary to design and install efficient and
cost-effective PEX water supply systems in residential buildings. It illustrates various plumbing configurations
for a variety of house types as well as installation guidelines for each method. Properly designed and
installed PEX piping systems are beneficial for plumbing designers, installers, and homeowners.
Applications
PEX piping can be used in a wide variety of applications in residential construction. This Design Guide is focused
on the design and installation of PEX hot and cold water supply systems, which can be used for both new
construction and remodeling projects. Other applications for PEX are described in a separate section of
this guide and include :
• Radiant floor heating systems for suspended floor systems or in slab construction
• Municipal water service pipe in underground applications
• Snow and ice melt systems for sidewalks, driveways, entrances, and ramps
• Turf conditioning for greenhouses, golf courses, and sports field surfaces
• Fire suppression systems (residential fire sprinklers)
Available in sizes from 1/4 to 2 inches, PEX piping can generally be installed in place of rigid piping on a
size-for-size basis. Home-run installations with central manifolds can be used to balance pressures at the outlets
and minimize hot water delivery wait time, reducing wasted water and energy. Manifolds can be installed that
reduce the amount of piping and fittings, speed-up installation, and balance pressures throughout the system.
Advantages :
Ease of Installation
The installation of PEX pipe is generally easier than rigid pipe. It is available in long coils which eliminates the
need for coupling joints. Its flexible nature allows it to be bent gently around obstructions, minimizing the use
of fittings. No solvent, chemical, or solder joining is required. The mechanical fittings are secure and reliable
when installed properly. The pipe is lightweight, making it safe to transport and easy to handle.
For a comparison of the installation of rigid metal pipe to PEX pipe.
Durability
Based on extensive testing and material performance over the span of more than 30 years, PEX piping has
proven to be a durable material that does not suffer from some of the historical problems associated with
metallic piping, such as reduced interior dimension, corrosion, electrolysis, filming, mineral build-up, and water
velocity wear. PEX piping will typically expand if the system is allowed to freeze, and return to its original size
when the water thaws.
Cost Effectiveness
PEX plumbing systems have lower installation costs than rigid metallic plumbing systems. Installation time and
labor required is greatly reduced. In service, the use of PEX systems can reduce energy and water use by
delivering water to the fixtures faster and by reducing losses in the piping.
Energy Efficiency
PEX piping offers reduced heat loss and improved thermal characteristics when compared to metallic pipe.
In addition, less energy is used by the water heater because of shorter delivery time for hot water with PEX
parallel plumbing systems.
Noise Reduction
When properly secured, PEX piping can be significantly quieter than rigid systems. It is inherently less noisy due
to its flexibility and ability to absorb pressure surges.
Water Conservation
Properly designed PEX plumbing systems have the potential to conserve water The flexibility of PEX allows it to
bend around corners and run continuously, reducing the need for fittings; this allows downsizing the pipe
diameter to 3/8-inch for certain fixtures. Home-run systems and 3/8-inch pipes minimize the time it takes hot
water to reach the fixture. Lengthy delivery time for hot water represents a significant waste of water as well as
energy; a problem exacerbated in larger homes.
Environmentally Sound
PEX is a modification or enhancement of high-density polyethylene, an economical and highly cost-effective
construction piping material. Generally, manufacturing equivalent lengths of plastic pipe consumes far less
energy than manufacturing metallic pipe. The lighter weight of PEX compared to metallic piping helps to lower
transportation costs and energy consumption, offering even greater benefit. PEX pipes can be recycled
as an inert filler material that can be incorporated into other polymers for specific applications.
There is also reduced water use through faster delivery time.
Material Properties
PEX is a material made up of molecules of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) that are permanently linked to each
other by a process called crosslinking. Crosslinking makes PEX a“thermoset” polymer, which gives it long-term
stability. Polyethylene can be crosslinked using several technologies. All methods induce links between
the single strands of PE to form a dense network through radical reactions. The number of links between the
strands determines the crosslink density and is an important factor in determining the physical properties
of the material. The minimum percent crosslinking for each method is specified in the ASTM F 876 standard.
The three most common methods of crosslinking polyethylene are as follows :
Peroxide – Peroxides are heat-activated chemicals that generate free radicals for crosslinking.
This is called the Engel Process.
Moisture-cured Vinylsilane – This method involves grafting a reactive silane molecule to the backbone of the
polyethylene. This is called the Silane Process.
Beta Irradiation – This method involves subjecting a dose of high-energy electrons to the PE. This is called
the Radiation Process.
In European standards these three methods are referred to as PEX-A, PEX-B, and PEX-C, respectively, and are
not related to any type of rating system. PEX pipe produced by any of the three methods must meet the same
qualification requirements as specified in the PEX standards. Although methods of crosslinking produce different
characteristics, all three methods have been utilized to manufacture approved PEX products.
As required in any manufacturing process, procedures for each technology must be established and followed
with good quality control checks in place to produce quality products.
Temperature and Pressure
PEX piping meets all requirements for pressure and temperature performance in residential applications.
Consensus standards published by the American Society for Testing and Materials)ASTM) International
specify temperature and pressure-resistant capabilities of PEX pipe and all tubing used in residential
applications bears the appropriate test marking. In the event of a water heating system malfunction
, PEX piping is designed to accommodate short-term conditions of 48 hours at 210ºF (99ºC) and 150
psi (1034 kPa) until repairs can be made. The most commonly used safety relief valve (T&P) activates (opens)
at either of these temperature or pressure conditions. All PEX piping has been tested to withstand T&P
activation for 30 days to ensure that safety requirements are met. As such, PEX systems DO NOT require
the use of a special T&P valve.
ASTM F 876: Standard Specification for Cross-Linked Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing covers PEX piping that is
outside diameter controlled, and pressure rated for water at three temperatures—160 psi @ 73.4ºF, 100 psi
@ 180ºF, and 80 psi @ 200ºF. Included are requirements and test methods for material, workmanship,
dimensions, hydrostatic sustained pressure strength, burst pressure, oxidative (chlorine) resistance,
and environmental stress cracking.
ASTM F 877: Standard Specification for Cross-Linked Polyethylene (PEX) Plastic Hot- and Cold Water Distribution Systems covers requirements and test methods for PEX hot- and cold-water distribution system components
made in one standard dimension ratio, and intended for 100 psi water service, up to and including a maximum
working temperature of 180ºF. Components are comprised of piping and fittings. Requirements and test
methods are included for hydrostatic sustained pressure strength, thermocycling resistance, fittings, and bend strength.
Flexibility
The flexible nature of PEX allows it to be bent gently around obstructions and installed as one continuous run
without fittings. Slight changes in direction are made easily by bending the pipe by hand. There is a
predetermined bend radius of a 90-degree change of direction without installing a fitting
(reference manufacturer’s installation instructions). Minimizing mechanical connections can result in quicker
installations, less potential for leaks at fittings, and less resistance due to pressure drops through fittings.
Noise and Water Hammer Resistance
As water flows through pipes, pressure in the system gives moving water energy, known as kinetic energy.
Kinetic energy increases with the speed of water and also with the mass of water that is flowing.
When the flow of water is stopped, such as when a valve or faucet is closed, this kinetic energy must be
dissipated in the system. The ability of a plumbing pipe to dissipate energy due to surge in water pressure
is based on the pipe’s modulus of elasticity, a measure of material stiffness. A higher modulus of elasticity
means the material is more rigid. Copper pipe is 180 times more rigid than PEX pipe. Ultimately, this means that
with rigid piping systems, pressure surges can produce noticeable banging sounds as energy is dissipated,
thus causing what is known as “water hammer.” The pressure surge that causes water hammer can produce
instantaneous pressures of 300 to 400 psi (2070 to 2760 kPa), which can cause damage to rigid pipes, fittings
, and connections. The flexibility of PEX pipe allows the pipe itself to absorb energy from pressure surges and
eliminate or reduce the occurrence of water hammer.
Resistance to Freeze Damage
PEX pipes are less susceptible to the effects of cold temperatures retaining their flexibility even below freezing.
This flexibility means that if water-filled PEX piping freezes, the elasticity of the material allows it to expand without cracking or splitting, and then to return to its original size upon thawing. This applies when PEX pipes have room to expand evenly along their length, as is typical when installed within walls or ceilings. PEX pipes
inside a slab may not be able to expand evenly.
Chlorine Resistance
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommends that all drinking water be disinfected, typically
using free chlorine, chloramines, or other less common methods. Currently, the majority of potable drinking
water in the United States and Canada is disinfected using free chlorine. For water treated with free chlorine,
the EPA sets a maximum disinfectant level of 4.0 parts per million (ppm) within the water distribution system.
The second-most common disinfectant is chloramines. at the request of the Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI),
indicates that free chlorine is generally more aggressive to cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) pipes
than chloramines To ensure the reliability of PEX piping systems in hot chlorinated water applications, it is a.
requirement of the PEX pipe product standard specification ASTM F 876 that all PEX pipes intended for use
with potable water have a minimum extrapolated lifetime of 50 years when tested in accordance with test
method ASTM F 2023: “Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Oxidative Resistance of Cross-linked
Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing and Systems to Hot Chlorinated Water.” The minimum requirement applies to
traditional domestic applications. The test conditions of ASTM F 2023 require that the test fluid has a minimum
oxidative reduction potential (ORP) of 825 mV. To produce test fluid with this high ORP, third-party test
laboratories typically use reverse osmosis-purified water with a free chlorine concentration of 4.3 +/- 0.3 ppm
(4.3 mg/L) and pH of 6.8 +/- 0.2, resulting in an ORP of 825 mV or higher. This represents a very aggressive
water quality, which gives conservative results. This test procedure is designed to extrapolate the life
expectancy of a hot-water plumbing pipe when used at a water temperature of 140°F and a pressure of 80 psi.
Continuous recirculation and traditional domestic conditions can both be evaluated by ASTM F 2023.
PEX pipe manufacturers must have pipes tested and certified by NSF International, UL and/or other third-party
certification agencies to meet the requirements of ASTM F 876, including chlorine resistance. In addition,
manufacturers may have pipes certified to NSF International protocol P 171: “Chlorine Resistance of Plastic
Piping Materials.” PEX piping systems use fittings that also must comply with ASTM standards, and are made
from brass, copper, or hightemperature engineered polymers that are chlorine-resistant.
In summary, PEX pipe has shown itself to be resistant to attack from chlorine and chloramines under a wide
range of conditions, and has performed reliably in all regions of North America.
Corrosion Resistance
PEX pipe and fittings have been tested extensively with aggressive potable water conditions and did not pit or
corrode. PEX pipe and fittings are tested with corrosive pH levels between 6.5 and 6.7, much lower and more
aggressive than levels found in common water systems A related aspect of corrosion in pipes is. concerned
with flow erosion. Flow erosion tests of PEX fittings were conducted by the PPI High Temperature Division (HTD).
See “Erosion Study on Brass Insert Fittings Used in PEX Piping Systems,” PPI-TN-26 for discussion and results.
.
Ultraviolet (UV) Resistance
Like most plastics, the long-term performance of PEX will be affected by UV radiation from sunlight. Although
most PEX pipes have some UV resistance, PEX pipes should not be stored outdoors where they are exposed
to the sun. Precautions must be taken once the pipe is removed from the original container. Each PEX pipe
manufacturer publishes a maximum recommended UV exposure limit, based on the UV resistance of that pipe.
Do not allow PEX pipes to be over-exposed beyond these limits. PEX pipes should not be installed outdoors,
unless they are buried in earth or properly protected from UV exposure, either direct or indirect.
Indirect (diffused) and reflected sunlight also have UV energy. If PEX will be exposed to sunlight continuously
after installation, such as in an unfinished basement, cover the pipe with a UV-blocking sleeve (black preferred)
or approved pipe insulation. Different manufacturers’ pipes have different degrees of UV resistance as indicated
on their labels; always follow the recommendations provided by the particular manufacturer.
Inert Material – Safe for Drinking Water
Since PEX piping is used to transport potable water, it must comply with federal regulations for public safety.
PEX materials are inert (not chemically reactive) and cannot contaminate the potable water passing through
them. The fittings are mechanical and do not require the use of solvents or chemicals that might leach into the
water when the system is first used. Testing and certification must comply with NSF/ANSI Standard 61:
Drinking Water System Components - Health Effects, and Standard 14: Plastic Pipe System Components
and Related Materials. The primary focus of Standard 61 is to establish minimum health effect requirements
for chemical contaminants and impurities that are indirectly imparted into drinking water from products,
components, and materials used in potable water systems. PEX piping systems are tested at water pH levels
from 5.0 to 10.0, both excessive acidity and alkalinity, beyond levels encountered in potable water systems. PEX
pipe does not corrode, and it is resistant to mineral build-up. NSF/ANSI Standard 14 covers physical,
performance, and health effect requirements for plastic piping system components used in potable
hot- and cold-water distribution systems.
Joining Methods
There are several types of joining methods or fittings used with PEX plumbing systems. All are mechanical
fittings that are either directional or transitional. PEX piping cannot be joined by solvent cementing .
Most PEX piping manufacturers have their own mechanical fitting system. The method of connection should comply with the manufacturer’s recommendations and instructions Fittings are regulated to comply with
performance and material criteria from recognized standards. They should be marked by a certified third-party
agency such as NSF IAPMO, CSA, IGC, UL or other third-party testing and listing agency .The most common,
types of fitting systems used are Cold Expansion Fittings and Metal or Plastic Insert Fittings.
Other types of fittings are available but are less common.
Cold Expansion Fittings with PEX Reinforced Rings
This type of fitting requires that the PEX piping, with a reinforcing PEX ring placed over the end of the pipe,
is expanded before the fitting is inserted into the pipe end. The expanded pipe end is allowed to retract onto
the fitting to form the seal—the “memory” of the pipe allows it to tighten over the fitting. An expander tool
is required to expand the pipe and the PEX ring together. ASTM F 1960 is applicable to fittings that use a
PEX reinforcing ring.
Cold Expansion Fittings with Metal Compression Sleeves
This type of fitting requires that the PEX piping is expanded before it is placed over the oversized fitting.
The pipe shrinks down over the fitting insert, then a metal compression sleeve is pulled over the connection,
compressing the pipe over the fitting. A tool is required to expand the pipe and to pull the sleeve over the
pipe. ASTM F 2080 is applicable to cold expansion fittings that use a metal compression sleeve.
Metal or Plastic Insert Fittings
This type of fitting uses a metal crimp ring that is compressed around the PEX piping to secure it to the fitting.
The crimp ring can be copper or stainless steel. Fittings can be made of copper, brass, bronze, or plastic.
The fitting will typically have a barbed or ribbed annular end. The PEX pipe slides over the barbed or ribbed
annular section. Prior to making the connection, the metal crimp ring is slid over the PEX piping and away
from the end of the pipe. The piping is pushed over the fitting, the crimp ring is slid down over that section
and aligned over the fitting ribs, and a tool is used to compress the crimp ring around the assembly.
Copper Crimp Ring
The copper ring is crimped equally around the fitting. The go-no-go gauge ensures a proper crimp. Some
manufacturers use o-rings on their metal fittings to make the seal with the pipe. ASTM F 1807 is the applicable
standard for metal insert fittings. ASTM F 2159 is the applicable standard for plastic fittings. ASTM 2434 is the
applicable standard for metal insert fittings with o-rings.
Stainless Steel Clamp
The stainless steel ring is crimped using a ratcheting tool, which only releases once a proper crimp is achieved.
ASTM 2098 is the applicable standard for stainless steel insert rings.
Stainless Steel Sleeve
This type of fitting is made of metal and uses a press sleeve or cap to secure the PEX pipe to the fitting.
These fittings have ribbed annular ends that are inserted into the PEX pipe. A sleeve or cap slides over the outer
part of the piping and the fitting is inserted into the pipe. The pipe must be fully inserted. A press tool is used
to make the final connection. It is important that the appropriate tool is used per manufacturer’s instructions.
This type of fitting is often used in other industries to make pneumatic or hydraulic hose line connections.
Push Type Fittings
This type of fitting uses an interlocking mechanism to connect the PEX pipe to the fitting. The pipe is inserted,
or pushed, into the fitting, and locked into place with a fastening device that keeps the pipe from being
backed-out or disconnected. This type of fitting is sometimes referred to as a “quick connect” fitting. Push type
fittings typically use some type of o-ring or gasket to form a seal around the PEX pipe. A support liner is
inserted into the pipe, and a fastening system with a locking component, such as a snap ring or twist collar,
is used to ensure that the connection remains permanent ASSE 1061 and IAPMO – IGC 188 are the applicable.
standards for push type fittings. Not all fittings of this type are permitted to be installed in inaccessible
locations or underground. Verify with your manufacturer and local codes before installation.
Standard Specifications for Fittings
Fittings are categorized in accordance with ASTM or IAPMO specifications, as follows :
ASTM F 1807 : Standard Specification for Metal Insert Fittings Utilizing a Copper
Crimp Ring for SDR9 Cross-Linked Polyethylene PEX Tubing
This specification covers metal insert fittings and copper crimp rings for use with PEX tubing that meet
requirements in ASTM F 876 and F 877. These fittings are intended for use in 100 psi (690 kPa) cold- and
hot-water distribution systems operating at temperatures up to and including 180ºF (82ºC).
Requirements for materials, workmanship, dimensions, and markings to be used on fittings and rings are
also included. Size range is 3/8 to 1 1/4 inches.
ASTM F 1960 : Standard Specification for Cold Expansion Fittings with PEX
Reinforcing Rings for Use with Cross-Linked Polyethylene PEX Tubing
This specification covers cold expansion fittings and PEX reinforcing rings for use with PEX plastic tubing that
meet requirements of ASTM F 876 and F 877. These fittings are intended for use in 100 psi (690 kPa) cold- and
hot-water distribution systems operating at temperatures up to and including 180ºF (82ºC). The system is
comprised of a PEX reinforcing ring and a cold expansion fitting. Included are requirements for materials,
workmanship, dimensions, and markings to be used on fitting components. Size range is 3/8 to 1 1/2 inches.
ASTM F 2080 : Standard Specification for Cold Expansion Fittings with Metal
Compression Sleeves for use with PEX Pipe
This specification covers cold-expansion fittings using metal compression sleeves for use with PEX plastic pipe
that meet requirements of ASTM F 876 and F 877, whereby the PEX pipe is cold-expanded before fitting
assembly. These cold expansion fittings and metal compression sleeves are intended for use in residential
and commercial, hot and cold, potable water distribution systems, with continuous operation at pressures
up to and including 100 psi (690 kPa), and at temperatures up to and including 180ºF (82ºC). Included in the
specification are requirements for materials, workmanship, dimensions, and markings to be used on fittings and compression sleeves. Performance requirements are as referenced in ASTM F 877. Size range is3/8 to 2 inches.
ASTM F 2098 : Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Clamps for Securing SDR9
Cross-Linked Polyethylene PEX Tubing to Metal Insert Fittings
This specification covers stainless steel clamps for use with four sizes of insert fittings that comply with F 1807,
and cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) plastic tubing that complies with F 876 or F 877. These clamps are intended
as an alternative to the copper-alloy crimprings of Specifications F 1807 or F 2159 for use in 100 psi (689.5 kPa) cold- and hot-water distribution systems operating at temperatures up to and including 180ºF (82ºC). Included
are requirements for materials, workmanship, dimensions, and marking of the stainless steel clamps;
requirements for deforming the clamps, which apply to assemblies of PEX tubing and Specifications F 1807
and F 2159, insert fittings secured with deformed clamps per this specification.
ASTM F 2159 : Standard Specification for Plastic Insert Fittings Utilizing a Copper
Crimp Ring for SDR9 Cross-Linked Polyethylene PEX Tubing
This specification covers plastic insert fittings and copper crimp rings for use with PEX pipe that meets
requirements in ASTM F 876 and F 877. It establishes requirements for sulfone plastic insert fittings and
copper crimp rings for PEX plastic tubing. These fittings are intended for use in 100 psi (690 kPa) cold- and
hot-water distribution systems operating at temperatures up to and including 180ºF (82ºC). Included are
requirements for material, molded part properties, performance, workmanship, dimensions, and markings to
be used on fittings and rings. Size range is 3/8 to 1 inch.
ASTM F 2434 : Standard Specification for Metal Insert Fittings Utilizing a Copper
Crimp Ring for SDR9 PEX Tubing and SDR9 PEX-AL-PEX Tubing
This specification covers metal insert fittings with o-ring seals and copper crimp rings for use with cross-linked
polyethylene (PEX) tubing in 1/2, 3/4, 1, and 1 1/4 inch nominal diameters that meet the requirements for
Specifications F 876 and F 877. These fittings are intended for use in 100 psi (689.5 kPa) cold- and hot-water
distribution systems operating at temperatures up to and including 180ºF (82ºC). Included are the requirements
for materials, workmanship, dimensions, performance, and markings to be used on the fittings and rings.
Size range is 1/2 to1 1/2 inches.
IAPMO – IGC 188 : Removable and Non-Removable Push Fit Fittings
This specification covers removable and non-removable push fit fittings for use with PEX pipe that meet
requirements in ASTM F 876 and F 877. The purpose of this standard is to establish a generally acceptable
standard for fittings with a quick assembly push-fit mechanism that are used with various types of outside
diameter controlled tubing. The fittings range in size from3/8 to 2 inches. This standard covers minimum
requirements for materials of construction and prescribes minimum performance requirements for fitting joints
and marking and identification requirements.
ASSE Standard – 1061
This standard applies to push-fit fittings that can be used with one or more of the following materials :
1- PEX tubing complying with ASTM F 876 or ASTM F 877;
2- Type K, L and M copper tubing complying with ASTM B 88; and
3- CPVC tubing complying with ASTM D 2846.
Push-fit fittings may be designed to be used with one or more types of tubing that conform to the dimensions as
specified in their respective standard. This standard serves to supplement ASTM F 877, ASTM D 2846 and ASTM B 88
in describing a test method for a specific type of push-fit fitting system to be used with PEX, Copper, and/or
CPVC tubing. This standard covers minimum fitting joints, marking, and identification.
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